Autism Frequently Asked Questions
What is autism?
Autism is a neurobiological disorder that causes a lifelong developmental disability. It is marked by abnormal or impaired development in social interaction, communication, and restricted interests and activities. The degree of severity varies greatly from one individual to the other and manifests differently, depending on the developmental level and chronological age.
A diagnosis of autism requires an onset of symptoms prior to age three; however, a diagnosis can be made prior to, and after, age three. Research shows that symptoms can manifest as early as infancy or develop after a period of normal development, at which time, skills that were already acquired are lost. Early diagnosis and intervention are vital keys to successful treatment of autism.
How common is autism?
Prevalence rates vary, depending on the source and type of research that was conducted. The Centers for Disease Control reports that recent studies estimate 1 in 36 children is identified with autism as referenced by Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. Autism is reported to occur in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. Autism is nearly 4 times more common among boys than among girls.
How does autism affect behavior?
Behavior challenges can range from mild to very severe. Severe behavior can take the form of aggression toward others, damage to possessions and/or property, extreme hyperactivity, and self-injurious behaviors. In its milder form, behavior is manifested through deficits in social skills and communication.
Does autism occur with other disabilities?
Autism can occur with or without other disabilities. Other commonly occurring disabilities are learning disabilities, intellectual disability, seizure disorders, blind, and/or deaf, among others. The effects of these combined disorders are more intensive than if they occur alone.
What services are available in the schools?
All services provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) are applicable to children with autism. These laws include a free and appropriate public education (FAPE), assessment, an individualized education plan (IEP), due process, and the least restrictive environment (LRE). In the state of Texas, children with autism are also considered for in-home training, parent training, suitable student-to-teacher ratio, extended-year programming, prioritized behavioral objectives, prevocational and vocational needs, and daily schedules with minimal unstructured time. Based on individual needs, children are also considered for services in speech and language therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and adaptive physical education.
Do children with autism have a preferred learning style?
Many children with autism learn through a highly structured educational program that includes the use of visual strategies that are tailored to the individual needs of each child. Researchers state that 90% of children with autism learn through the visual modality. However, no one strategy works for all children with autism. Programs should be developed based on the individual needs and learning style of the child, as measured through the use of assessment.
